Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Personal fall-arrest system, or a guardrail system, or a inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board, Both a personal fall-arrest system and a guardrail system, Single-point and two-point suspension scaffolds, Personal fall-arrest system or guardrail system, Personal fall-arrest system or guardrail systems that meet the required criteria, Scaffolding : General Requirements for Scaffolds, When the front end of all platforms are less than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(2)], The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. Each stairway must be at least 18 inches between stair rails. maximum lift heights. [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. A study of the degradation properties of Ropes shall be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each workshift and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. Stairrail systems and handrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(6)] Scaffolds and scaffold components must not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. [29 CFR 1926.451 (b) (2)] DESIGN & ENGINEERING. The scaffolding standard prohibits the Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. [ 29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1) ] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in Scaffolding Legal Requirements of DMCC (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre)-Dubai-UAE [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). How wide does the work area need to be on scaffolding? STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY The systems optimum design offers a high load rating and extreme rigidity, keeping your workers secure and productive. When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. above the scaffold supporting level. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(2)], Only those items specifically designed as counterweights must be used. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm), unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. However, OSHA permits direct access from another scaffold, structure, or personnel hoist. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. Our Office Location. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(x)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Are guardrails required on all open sides of scaffolding? 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds? Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. Ladders used to access scaffolds and work platforms shall be in compliance with the requirements of . The top edge height of toprails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m) above the platform surface. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. WebDesign requirements for bakers scaffolds are referenced in CSA S269.2 Access Scaffolding for Construction Purposes. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. Vertical lifelines shall not be used when overhead components, such as overhead protection or additional platform levels, are part of a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold. Direct access to or from another surface shall only be used when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the other surface. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(13)], Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. When Scaffolding is Needed The very short answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary! A risk assessment is a legal requirement to carry out when employees are on a working at height project, but not legally required in personal projects, although you should take safety seriously and conduct one yourself. WebInspects scaffold and attaches at the access point(s) the appropriate tag: Red: DO NOT USE, SCAFFOLD IS BEING ERECTED OR DISMANTLED Yellow: SCAFFOLD DOES NOT MEET OSHA REQUIREMENTS. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. What are the requirements for scaffold planking? Stairways must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. This basically means that the ladder rungs should have sufficient clear space behind them to allow a foot or hand to make sufficient purchase on the rung. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. Tables showing maximum permissible spans, rated load capacity, and nominal thickness are in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c) of the standard. Unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. COF employees receive annual training Personal fall-arrest systems include harnesses, components of the harness/belt such as D-rings, and snap hooks, lifelines, and anchorage points. Are there requirements for suspension ropes? NY Scaffold is the leading specialty Scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the US. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system, not for each flight of stairs. High Quality Steel Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)] Also see, OSHA Standards and Interpretation Letter: 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. Weba) Criteria is based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 (scaffold design and engineering standard). Wondering about scaffold guardrail height requirements? Stairtowers (scaffold stairway/towers) shall be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm.) In addition to meeting the requirements of 1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. When can personal fall-arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? Guardrail height. Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(i) and 29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(ii)], Forklifts can support platforms only when the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift does not move horizontally when workers are on the platform. Debris shall not be allowed to accumulate on platforms. Wire suspension ropes shall not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. WebTower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. What are the requirements for suspension scaffolds? Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. Must have uniform tread depth, within inch, for each flight of stairs. Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access When can welding be done from a suspension scaffold? [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(6)], Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)]. When do supported scaffolds need to be restrained from tipping? WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. [, When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on single-point or two-point adjustable scaffolds, the scaffold must have additional independent support lines equal in number and strength to the suspension lines and have automatic locking devices. In these situations, only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is required. [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1 1/2 inch (2 x 4 cm) wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, paneling or screening extending from the toeboard or platform to the top of the guardrail shall be erected for a distance sufficient to protect employees below; or, A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects; or. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. d) Added precautions around power lines. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope. This determination shall be based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. Provides general requirements for all scaffolds [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iv)], When working from an aerial lift, attach the fall-arrest system to the boom or basket. Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. A safe point of access should be present during erection and dismantling operations. Zelienople, PA 16063. When are both fall-arrest and guardrail systems required? [, Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Guardrails meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each landing. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). This includes ladders, boxes, and barrels. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. Platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. What are the access requirements for employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds? [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(11)], Power-operated hoists used to raise or lower a suspended scaffold must be tested by a qualified testing laboratory. [29 CFR 1926.451(h)(1), 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(3)], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Effective September 2, 1997, employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. [29 CFR 1926.454(a)], Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than 4:1 must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing, or an equivalent means. WebAccess points may be designed for access or be opportunistic. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To ensure adequate protection, install guardrails along all open sides and ends before releasing the scaffold for use by employees, other than the erection and dismantling crews. Any of these independent modules or units should form a base. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. type of scaffold (tube and fitting or system) maximum bay lengths. Scaffolding is the solution to many access issues, providing a safe and legal means of access for workers at height. It is recommended above many other means of access, especially if the work will be prolonged or involve multiple workers, tools, equipment or materials. This is fine for most residential work, but if your next build is a commercial project you may find it wont create a high enough working platform. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Worker Deaths by Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] They must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. [, All suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined by a competent person. a grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the size of the welding lead. The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows: Exception to paragraph (f)(6): Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified above where such clearance is necessary for performance of work, and only after the utility company, or electrical system operator, has been notified of the need to work closer and the utility company, or electrical system operator, has deenergized the lines, relocated the lines, or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. 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