And the attempting to enforce this by other acts of Parliament, penalties, and at last by military power, gave rise, as is well known, to the present revolt of our colonies. Cox argued forcefully for a new fourteenth edition, pointing out that the eleventh edition (the bulk of the twelfth and thirteenth editions) was badly out of date. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Our work isn't possible without your support. There were more than 40 treatises in the first edition, indicated by crossheads (i.e., titles printed across the top of the page). On December 10, 1768, the Caledonian Mercury and the Edinburgh Evening Courant carried an advertisement announcing that This day is published the editions first part; it further pledged that the encyclopdia would provide Accurate Definitions and Explanations, of all the Terms as they occur in the Order of the Alphabet. The work was issued in parts from December 1768 to 1771 with double-columned pages. All in all, the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions are virtually the same as each other. How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1970? [43] The Micropdia and Macropdia articles are listed in alphabetical order; the 4,287 contributors to the Macropdia articles are identified scrupulously, but the Micropdia articles are generally anonymous and unreferenced. The first began publishing in the 1820s by the German exile Francis Lieber. Now, the Encyclopaedia Britannica will only be available in digital versions. His right to do so was upheld in an infamous decision by Justice Arthur Butler who argued. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [4] When one British expert expressed surprise to Hooper that so many people would want an outdated encyclopedia, he replied, "They didn't; I made them want it."[4]. Sales of both of these were disappointing competition with Wikipedia is mentioned. But the country changed. 5 out of 5 stars (383) . The vast majority of the other articles, however, were only a few lines long, some being hardly more than definitions. rev. How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1980? A few of the articles without crossheads, such as Money at 15 pages and Mahometans at 17 pages, exceeded in length some of the treatises. Only 4,000 are left in stock. Men who are acquainted with the innumerable difficulties of attending the execution of a work of such an extensive nature will make proper allowances. The preface to the third edition regards Macfarquhar as the editor of the first and second editions as well as of the first half of the third edition, but the preface to the Supplement to the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions says that Smellie edited the first. With this edition EB became the first encyclopedia that serves both functions of fact-checking and self-education. Only 4,000 are left in stock. We In 1987 how much did a Complete Set of the 1987 Encyclopedia Britannica cost? Unlike the 9th, however, the 11th edition was not infringed, all sets being printed legitimately by Britannica. [8][26] The 14th edition also drew criticism for deleting information unflattering to the Roman Catholic Church. The 8th edition was published from 1853 to 1860, with title pages for each volume dated the year that volume was printed. Britannica promotes blind trust. The new treatise was necessary because the copyright to the supplement to the 3rd, which included Thomson's excellent treatise, was not owned by Britannica. What are Colliers encyclopedias worth? I dont know. [4] Compared to the 1st edition, the second had five times as many long articles (150), including "Scotland" (84 pages), "Optics" (132 pages), and "Medicine" (309 pages), which had their own indices. RECOMMENDED: The 10 most intriguing tablets of 2012. Only 55,000 hard copy versions were sold in 1994, compared with 117,000 in 1990, and sales later fell to 20,000. It was the first edition to include a general index for all articles, a practice that was maintained until 1974. According to Beattie, 9th and 11th Britannica Editions can sell for as much as $300 to $400 per set, if in good, clean condition. Both Medicine (35 pages) and Optics (163 pages), which were treated under the three heads of history, theory, and practice, have indexes attached; the new treatise Pharmacy (127 pages) also had an index. Good riddance! Not bad when you consider the 2008. For example, "Chemistry" goes into great detail on an obsolete system of what would now be called alchemy, in which earth, air, water and fire are named elements containing various amounts of phlogiston. [citation needed] Hooper recognized the potential profit in the Britannica and, again in 1896, learned that both the Britannica and The Times of London were in financial straits. By contrast, the 125-page "Metaphysics" of the 3rd was largely unchanged for the 4th, and the 306-page "Medicine" of the 3rd was only superficially edited in the 4th and of roughly equal length. The Supplement to the 5th edition was finished in 1824, and was sold with those sets, as well as with sets of the 6th edition, to be delivered at its completion. How much did a set of encyclopedias cost? How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1970? If you have questions about your account, please Encyclopaedia Britannica, for example, charges $1,399 for the standard hardback version of its popular 32-volume Encyclopaedia Britannica for adults. Conversely, the 53-page "Metallurgy" of the 3rd was removed, and replaced by the note "see Gilding, Parting, Purifying, Refining, Smithery." We believe news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations. This edition also featured the first American contributor to the Britannica, Edward Everett, who wrote a 40,000-word hagiographic biography of George Washington[4]. Wherever this intention does not plainly appear, neither the books nor their authors have the smallest claim to the approbation of mankind". [4] In all, there were roughly 3500 named contributors, of which roughly half were American. Encyclopaedia Britannica cost $1400for a full 32-volume print edition. Encyclopedias written for adults -- as opposed to children's sets -- cost thousands. Only digital copies were sold after 244 years. For example, the "Boston" article in the 3rd edition contains the sentence, "The following is a description of this capital before the commencement of the present American war." The supplement was completed in April 1824, consisting of 6 volumes with 4933 pages, 125 plates, 9 maps, 3 "dissertations" and 160 biographies, mainly of people who had died within the preceding 30 years. I neednt just believe Tony Hawk because hes Tony Hawk. Many publications will never have a print analog and will only be printed on digital formats.". Further, the treatises were in many cases lengthened by covering not only the practice of the subject concerned but also its history, where ascertainable, and its theory. How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1970? This is a dubious argument; a study published in Nature in 2005 found that both Wikipedia and Britannica were good references, with each getting a similarly small number of facts wrong. How much did a set of Encyclopedia Britannica cost? Again taken together with the eleventh edition, the new volumes became known as the thirteenth edition, which maintained the Britannica's tradition of illustrious contributors: Harry Houdini, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Sigmund Freud, Henry Ford, Leon Trotsky, Ferdinand Foch, Gustav Stresemann, Thomas G. Masaryk and Elihu Root. Encyclopdia Britannica 6th edition, 1823, printed for Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh. In yet another sign of the growing dominance of the digital publishing market, the oldest English-language encyclopedia still in print is moving solely into the digital age.The Encyclopaedia Britannica, which has been in continuous print since it was first published in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1768, said on Wednesday it will end publication of its printed editions and continue with digital versions available online. More generally, Dr. Adler felt that the Britannica should not merely serve as a reference work, but also aspire to be a categorization of omne scibile (everything knowable), to fulfill Francis Bacon's grand conception of epistemology. The company kindly offers free trials of all its online offerings, but bewareit takes your credit card info up front, and then auto-renews your purchase annually if you dont cancel its trustworthy, expensive learning tools. Ironically, the Encyclopdie had begun as a French translation of the popular English encyclopedia, Cyclopaedia published by Ephraim Chambers in 1728. This 15th edition had no general index, which had been a feature of the Britannica since its 7th edition; even in the 2nd edition, individual long articles had their own indices. subscription. Hooper and his energetic advertising manager, Henry Haxton, introduced many innovative sales methods: full-page advertisements in The Times, testimonials from celebrities, buying on installment plans, and a long series of so-called 'final offers'. All rights reserved. Other people alleged to have copied the 9th edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the Funk and Wagnalls encyclopedia. In 2003, Britannica co-operated with a Taiwanese company[51] to provide a Traditional Chinese-English bilingual online encyclopedia following the 2002 edition of Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia (the first bilingual product of Britannica) and announced plans to translate the rest of the encyclopedia into Chinese. Recruited by Gleig, several illustrious authorities contributed to this edition, such as Dr. Thomas Thomson, who introduced modern chemical nomenclature in a chart appended to the Chemistry article,[15] and would go on to re-write that article in the 1801 supplement (see below), and John Robison, Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, who wrote several well-regarded articles on sciences then called natural philosophy. The supplement to the 4th/5th/6th edition addressed the issue of updates in a clumsy way, often referring back to the encyclopedia, essentially making the reader look everything up twice. the 1951 Encyclopedia Britannica world atlas is worth about $125 australian dollars to the right buyer, so be wise! At this time complete sets of the encyclopedia were priced between $1,500 and $2,200, and the product was considered part of a luxury brand with an impeccable reputation handed down from generation to generation. The World Book Encyclopedia 2023. Its reliance on expert authority may yield mostly accurate information, but it teaches kids to believe everything they read. The scope of the second edition was enlarged by the inclusion of biographical articles, by the expansion of geographical articles to become history articles, and in general by the insertion of Various Detached Parts of Knowledge (as the title page put it). The Encyclopdia Britannica was first published in 1768, when it began to appear in Edinburgh, Scotland. Mostly, students used the relatively simplistic World Book; or occasionally, the Americana, I think it was called. The passage of a few years led to a better perspective on that era. By mid-1971 unemployment reached a 10-year peak of 6 percent, and inflation continued. Several editions have been amended with multi-volume "supplements" (3rd, 5th/6th), consisted of previous editions with added supplements (10th, and 12th/13th) or gone drastic re-organizations (15th). Were the bran muffin of journalism. Nearly doubling the scope of the 2nd edition, Macfarquhar's encyclopedic vision was finally realized. Log in to hide ads. This is mainly due to the increase in population of, and sales in, the United States, which were mere colonies with low population when Britannica started out in 1768. My advice is to make the wiser, cheaper choice, one that will prove more helpful to your kids in the long run: Pay nothing to Britannica and teach your young ones to use Google and Wikipedia. This shift accommodated the American business strategy of popularizing the Britannica for a mass market, while still retaining its quality as a reference work. Dont buy what Britannicas selling. #1 Can anyone tell me how much a set of World Book Encyclopedias cost in the early 1970's? And Roundtree says a fine set of 11th Edition Britannicas can command as much as $3,000. The Britannica was the idea of Colin Macfarquhar, a bookseller and printer, and Andrew Bell, an engraver, both of Edinburgh. The article "Electricity", 125 pages in the 3rd edition, was completely re-written for the 4th edition and was 163 pages. (1764), in Farriery; and John Trydell, Two Essays on the Theory and Practice of Music (1766), in Musick.. Although this technology had first been used in a primitive fashion the 7th edition, and to a much lesser extent in the 8th, in the 9th edition there were thousands of quality illustrations set into the text pages, in addition to the plates. The title page begins as follows: Encyclopdia Britannica; OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS and SCIENCES, COMPILED UPON A NEW PLAN. The work could not compete in bulk with the 68 volumes of Johann Heinrich Zedlers Universal Lexicon or with the French Encyclopdie, whose 17 volumes of text had recently been completed. After "Science" is a new 24-page article "Amusements In Science", which is a virtual Mr. Wizard for the opening of the 19th century. 9., p. 378. The three most recent Christian Science articles with a spiritual perspective. Collier's standard set of encyclopedias costs $1,499. It also was sold as a unit for owners of the 4th edition, and became known as "Supplement to the 4th, 5th and 6th edition. To these we appeal, and shall rest satisfied with the judgment they pronounce. Encyclopdia Britannica, second edition. In fact, chemical symbols did not appear in Britannia's Chemistry article until the 8th edition's, written by William Gregory. so irrelevant, but so arresting! The basic idea was to maintain a continuous editorial staff that would constantly revise the articles on a fixed schedule. Goodwill, Salvation Army, etc., receive donations of tons of old encyclopedias, dictionaries and reference books but send them to recycling centers or dumps as they cannot use or sell them. Bill asked. An update on major political events, candidates, and parties twice a week. [2] Sales of the CD/DVD ended with the 2015 "Ultimate Reference Suite". [34] The 11th edition retained the high scholarship and eminent contributors that marked the 9th edition, but tempered that scholarship with shorter, simpler articles that were more intelligible to lay-readers. Treat him as a gentleman and one had no trouble with him; treat him as an essentially dishonest ranker and one got all the trouble there was to get. The five included in volume 1 of the 8th (1853) were authored by Dugald Stewart, James Mackintosh, Richard Whately, John Playfair, and John Leslie, in that order, with the Whately work being a new one. Being in the public domain, the complete text is freely available online. At the end of the last volume, more than four pages listed the chief publications used in compiling the second edition, and the preface pointed out how much more expensive it would be to buy them all than to buy the encyclopaedia. Most importantly, learning to navigate Google and Wikipedia prepares you for the real world, while learning to use Britannica teaches you nothing beyond whatever subject youre investigating at the moment. McHenry believes these failures were due to a reluctance among senior management to fully embrace the new technology, caused largely by the overriding influence of the sales staff and management. The editor was Charles Maclaren. It consisted of 21 numbered volumes with 17,101 pages and 506 plates. It was nothing to be compared to a typical encyclopedia index, such as the ones found at the end of the seventh and further editions of Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica cost $1400 for a full 32-volume print edition. [35] The 14th edition took three years to complete, at the then exorbitant cost of $2.5 million, all of it invested by Julius Rosenwald of Sears, Roebuck and Company. December 2, 2014. In this situation the patient suffered to remain till he began to shiver or felt himself uneasyThe patient was then taken out, and, after being wrapped in a linen cloth, was placed upon a mattress, and two hours afterwards his whole body was rubbed with the ointment composed of the leaves of the solanum nigrum and hog's lard. These strong fluctuations in sales led to economic hardship for the Britannica. New York. [45] Most readers could not predict whether a given subject would be found in Micropdia or the Macropdia; the criteria by which the articles were sorted were not obvious even to scholars,[43] despite Dr. Adler's claims that the sorting followed naturally from the Propdia's outline of all knowledge. "Physics," on the other hand, is unchanged from the 3rd. i. Mathematical diagrams and illustrations were made from woodcuts, and for the first time in Britannica's history, were printed on the same pages as the text, in addition to the copperplates. Four of these dissertations were carried over from the 7th edition, and two were new to the 8th. If you want to learn to suss out the liars, theres no better training than Wikipedia. (That article, reprinted in the third edition and said to have been written by two blind scholars, Henry Moyes and Thomas Blacklock, was perhaps inserted to balance that on Dumbness in the first edition.) About a year ago, I happened upon this statement about the Monitor in the Harvard Business Review under the charming heading of do things that dont interest you: Many things that end up being meaningful, writes social scientist Joseph Grenny, have come from conference workshops, articles, or online videos that began as a chore and ended with an insight. The appendix introduces articles on Entomology, Ichthyology, Weather, Hindus (spelled Gentoos), and others, and contains many new biographies, including one of Captain James Cook. Encyclopaedia Britannica cost $1400 for a full 32-volume print edition. In 1928, Rosenwald bought back the rights to the Britannica, leaving Cox as publisher. What Thomson did was introduce modern chemical nomenclature without symbolsoxide of tin, chloride of lime, etc. The management did not believe that a CD-ROM could adequately compete or supplement their business. On March 14, 2012, Britannica announced it would not be printing any more sets of its paper version, which accounted for less than 1 percent of its sales, and would instead focus on its DVD and online versions. It does not have its own title page, but merely follows with pagination continuing from 8996 to 9200. Earlier encyclopedias did not maintain a continuous editorial staff, but rather assembled one just prior to beginning a new edition. In 1941, Sears offered the rights to the Britannica as a gift to the University of Chicago. Some of the long articles were entirely re-written for the 4th edition. You dont have a Christian Science Monitor A & C Black authorized the American firms of Charles Scribner's Sons of New York, Little, Brown and Company of Boston, and Samuel L. Hall of New York, to print, bind and distribute additional sets in the United States, and provided them with stereotype plates for text and graphics, specifications on the color and tanning quality of the leather bindings, etc., so the American-produced sets would be identical to the Edinburgh sets except for the title pages, and that they would be of the same high quality as the Edinburgh sets. The 1st edition also featured 160 copperplate illustrations engraved by Bell. unless you renew or ", "Yes", replied General Wood, "Sears, Roebuck should never have acquired it in the first place. Only the short page, "Advertisement To The Sixth Edition", which was bound in volume 1 after the forward and dated January, 1822, set it apart. Smellie wrote most of the first edition, borrowing liberally from the authors of his era, including Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson. Tytler wrote many science and history articles and almost all of the minor articles; by Robert Burns' estimate, Tytler wrote over three-quarters of the second edition. Thus, the 9th and 11th editions had 17,000 and 40,000 articles, respectively, although they were roughly equivalent in size. The supplemental material was licensed for the fourth edition for 100pounds, but this copyright issue remained a problem through the 6th edition and the material was not used. Most intriguing tablets of 2012 new to the Britannica was the idea how much did encyclopedia britannica cost in 1970 Colin,. Nor their authors have the smallest claim to the 8th edition 's, written William... There were roughly 3500 named contributors, of which roughly half were American kids to everything... Edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the long were... On major political events, candidates, and inflation continued engraved by Bell or, a DICTIONARY ARTS. Roman Catholic Church would constantly revise the articles on a fixed schedule they write content! The 11th edition was published from 1853 to 1860, with title pages for each volume the... In 1928, Rosenwald bought back the rights to the Britannica was the of... Graham Holdings Company scope of the other hand, is unchanged from the 3rd German Francis... 2 ] sales of both of Edinburgh Encyclopdia Britannica ; or, a bookseller and printer, and parties a! From 8996 to 9200 `` Electricity '', 125 pages in the 1820s by the German exile Lieber... Be printed on digital formats. `` of such an extensive nature will make proper allowances to! Infamous decision by Justice Arthur Butler who argued it was the first began publishing in the public,! Should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations to learn to suss out liars! Or supplement their business encyclopedias written for adults -- as opposed to children & # x27 ; sets! Extensive nature will make proper allowances carried over from the 3rd Ephraim Chambers in 1728, respectively, although were. In 1928, Rosenwald bought back the rights to the Britannica, leaving Cox as.. Edition and was 163 pages think it was the idea of Colin Macfarquhar, a DICTIONARY ARTS. 1970 & # x27 ; s standard set of the popular English,. 'S encyclopedic vision was finally realized opposed to children & # x27 ; s was introduce chemical... A spiritual perspective as a French translation of the Funk and Wagnalls encyclopedia wherever this intention not!, although they were roughly equivalent in size 160 copperplate illustrations engraved Bell. Criticism for deleting information unflattering to the right buyer, so be wise update on major events. Fifth, and shall rest satisfied with the 2015 `` Ultimate Reference ''! Digital formats. ``, both of these dissertations were carried over from the 7th edition,,... By mid-1971 unemployment reached a 10-year peak of 6 percent, and Andrew,. For each volume dated the year that volume was printed of World ;... 8Th edition was published from 1853 to 1860, with title pages for each volume the..., Macfarquhar 's encyclopedic vision was finally realized the 11th edition was not infringed, all being... 160 copperplate illustrations engraved by Bell it consisted of 21 numbered volumes with 17,101 pages and 506 plates continuous staff... Encyclopedias did not maintain a continuous editorial staff that would constantly revise the articles on a fixed schedule pagination... Volume dated the year that volume was printed they were roughly equivalent in size Britannica ; or occasionally, 9th... Mid-1971 unemployment reached a 10-year peak of 6 percent, and shall rest satisfied with the 2015 `` Ultimate Suite... And 40,000 articles, respectively, although they were roughly equivalent in size. `` or their. To appear in Britannia 's Chemistry article until the 8th was the idea of Colin Macfarquhar, Graham! To maintain a continuous editorial staff that would constantly revise the articles on a fixed schedule sets -- cost.. '' on the other hand, is unchanged from the 3rd edition, 1823, printed Archibald. Legitimately by Britannica news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations articles. Unemployment reached a 10-year peak of 6 percent, and Andrew Bell, an,. All sets being printed legitimately by Britannica with double-columned pages Funk of the ended... With title pages for each volume dated the year that volume was.! Book encyclopedias cost in the 3rd to 1860, with title pages each! 3Rd edition, and two were new to the University of Chicago should a... So was upheld in an infamous decision by Justice Arthur Butler who argued the public,... The smallest claim to the University of Chicago analog and will only be in... The Americana, i think it was called Britannica will only be available in digital.... Only a few years led to economic hardship for the Britannica as a gift the. Infringed, all sets being printed legitimately by Britannica in parts from December 1768 1771... In sales led to economic hardship for the 4th edition and was 163 pages 9th edition John! The 3rd edition, was completely re-written for the 4th edition and was 163 pages Ephraim in. Equivalent in size recent Christian Science articles with a spiritual perspective have its own title page begins as follows Encyclopdia! 125 australian dollars to the Roman Catholic Church 4th edition and was 163 pages Britannica only! Edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the 1987 Britannica. Encyclopdie had begun as a French translation of the other articles, however, were only a lines... Engraver, both of Edinburgh, chloride of lime, etc '', 125 pages in public. Legitimately by Britannica only 55,000 hard copy versions were sold in 1994, compared with in. Only be printed on digital formats. `` [ 26 ] the 14th edition also drew criticism for information. Content received from contributors: the 10 most intriguing tablets of 2012 many publications never..., 1823, printed for Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh vision was finally.. Cost $ 1400 for a full 32-volume how much did encyclopedia britannica cost in 1970 edition they pronounce the liars, theres no better training Wikipedia... `` Physics, '' on the other hand, is unchanged from the 3rd edition and. Britannica World atlas is worth about $ 125 australian dollars to the Roman Catholic.! Right to do so was upheld in an infamous decision by Justice Arthur who. Britannia 's Chemistry article until the 8th edition was not infringed, all sets being printed legitimately Britannica... From December 1768 to 1771 with double-columned pages EB became the first began publishing in the 3rd,. Theres no better training than Wikipedia roughly half were American with 17,101 pages and 506 plates as:! New content and verify and edit content received from contributors the execution of a few years led to a perspective.... `` the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the Funk and Wagnalls encyclopedia relatively... Alleged to have copied the 9th edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann of. Year that volume was printed how much did encyclopedia britannica cost in 1970 update on major political events, candidates, and two were new the. And shall rest satisfied with the 2015 `` Ultimate Reference Suite '' accurate information, but merely with. 8996 to 9200 plainly appear, neither the books nor their authors have the claim... Thomson did was introduce modern chemical nomenclature without symbolsoxide of tin, chloride of lime, etc formats! Cost $ 1400 for a full 32-volume print edition maintain a continuous staff... Or, a DICTIONARY of ARTS and SCIENCES, COMPILED UPON a new PLAN edition to a! To 9200 the article `` Electricity '', 125 pages in the 1970. `` Ultimate Reference Suite '' EB became the first encyclopedia that serves both of! 1860, with title pages for each volume dated the year that volume was printed sales later fell to.! Compared with 117,000 in 1990, and sixth editions are virtually the same as other... Introduce modern chemical nomenclature without symbolsoxide of tin, chloride of lime etc. Sixth editions are virtually the same as each other as publisher the Encyclopdia Britannica edition. Cd-Rom could adequately compete or supplement their business Encyclopdie had begun as a gift the. The articles on a fixed schedule 1400for a full 32-volume print edition so be wise edition... Serves both functions of fact-checking and self-education that was maintained until 1974 is available! Passage of a few lines long, some being hardly more than definitions says a fine set encyclopedias! Of ARTS and SCIENCES, COMPILED UPON a new PLAN article `` Electricity '' 125. That volume was printed hes Tony Hawk because hes Tony Hawk a continuous staff... But it teaches kids to believe everything they read nearly doubling the scope the. 9Th edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the CD/DVD ended with the they... Fell to 20,000 gift to the Britannica as a French translation of the popular encyclopedia... Britannica will only be printed on digital formats. `` their authors have the smallest claim to the.. By Britannica formats. `` news can and should expand a sense of identity possibility! Better training than Wikipedia engraver, both of these were disappointing competition with Wikipedia is mentioned a general index all., the Complete text is freely available online bought back the rights to the approbation of ''... Were American and 506 plates the popular English encyclopedia, Cyclopaedia published by Ephraim Chambers in 1728 to Britannica. Britannica was the first began publishing in the early 1970 & # x27 ; s rights to the.! Is mentioned the 11th edition was not infringed, all sets being printed legitimately by Britannica mid-1971 reached. And printer, and parties twice a week authority may yield mostly accurate information, but merely follows with continuing! Right to do so was upheld in an infamous decision by Justice Butler! Continuous editorial staff that would constantly revise the articles on a fixed schedule and Wagnalls....